RESUMO A eritrocitose absoluta primária, também denominada de policitemia vera, é um distúrbio mieloproliferativo crônico de causa desconhecida, caracterizado pela proliferação clonal de células-tronco eritróides neoplásicas. Acomete cães de meia-idade entre seis e sete anos. As manifestações clínicas mais comuns são letargia, fraqueza, poliúria, polidipsia, sangramentos como epistaxe, hematúria, hematoemese, hematoquezia, até mesmo convulsões e ataxia. O diagnóstico é baseado em valores altos de hematócrito, geralmente acima de 70%, excluindo-se as causas de eritrocitose secundária. As concentrações séricas de eritropoietina estão normais ou diminuídas. O tratamento consiste em flebotomia e administração de hidroxiuréia. Relata-se o caso de uma cadela, raça Bichon Frise, 11 anos, que, no início do quadro, apresentou hematócrito de 84%, letargia, ataxia, mucosas congestas, cianose de língua, poliúria e polidipsia. Realizou-se o tratamento com hidroxiuréia durante oito anos, na dose de 15 a 30 mg/kg, a cada 24 horas, sem ocorrência de efeitos colaterais ou recidiva das manifestações clínicas.

ABSTRACT Primary absolute erythrocytosis, also termed polycythemia vera, is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder of unknown cause. It is characterized by clonal proliferation of neoplastic erythroid stem cells. It affects middle-aged dogs between 6-7 years. The most common clinical manifestations are lethargy, weakness, polyuria, polydipsia, and bleeding such as epistaxis, hematuria, hematoemese, and hematochezia. Seizures and ataxia are also common. Diagnosis is based on high hematocrit values, generally above 70% excluding the causes of secondary erythrocytosis. Serum concentrations of erythropoietin are at a normal level or decreased level. Treatments consists of hydroxyurea and phlebotomy management. It is reported that case of female Bichon Frise, 11 years old who onset of the disease had a hematocrit of 84%, lethargy, ataxia, congested mucous membranes, tongue cyanosis, polyuria and polydipsia. The treatment with hydroxyurea was performed for 8 years, at a dose of 15 to 20mg/kg, every 24 hours, without occurrence of side effects or recurrence of clinical manifestations.

AbstractThe definition of parameters that characterize the radiation of electric and magnetic fields for antennas in the time and frequency domain on an unified representation is proposed. The formulation uses a straightforward semi-analytical formulation that can be subsequently applied on the analysis of excited antennas for an arbitrary source with temporal behavior. The effective height is a parameter for antenna analysis defined for quantities in far field region and can be used as a transfer function of the antenna. This transfer function can be described through the antenna singularities which can be obtained by singularity expansion. The Singularity Expansion Method (SEM) is capable to model an electromagnetic quantity with the singularities extracted by the current densities of an arbitrary object. This work proposes that the singularities are extracted by the Matrix Pencil method applied on the current densities. The current densities are obtained numerically through the method of the Finite Differences in the Time Domain (FDTD) for wired log-periodic antenna and, after the singularities are obtained, the formulation of the semi-analytical effective height equation is written. To validate the presented method, a formulation of the time-domain radiation pattern is presented and a corresponding frequency-domain radiation pattern is also presented using Parseval’s theorem.

Na mineração da bauxita no município de Paragominas-PA, são descartados no processo de beneficiamento rejeitos com teor de sólido de 33,5% e granulometria muito fina com D50 abaixo de 5 µm. Esses fatores contribuem para que esta suspensão formada basicamente por silico-aluminatos, com elevada concentração de argila caulinitica, apresente aumento na viscosidade e na tensão inicial de escoamento, fatores importantes durante o processo de bombeamento. Foi realizada análise granulométrica e determinadas as composições químicas e mineralógicas do material. Avaliou-se a utilização dos aditivos hexametafosfato de sódio e poliacrilamida 25% aniônica visando à diminuição da viscosidade. Os resultados mostram diminuição da viscosidade com a adição de 23,8 g/ton para a poliacrilamida e 101,75 g/ton para o hexametafosfato de sódio. A granulometria da polpa de bauxita descartada e o pH influenciam no comportamento dos aditivos reológicos.

In the bauxite mining in Parogominas, PA, Brazil, tailings are discarded in the processing with 33.5% of solids content and small particle size with D50 below 5 µm. These factors contribute to this suspension basically formed by silicoaluminates, with high concentrations of kaolinite clay, increase the viscosity and the yield stress, these factors are important during the pumping. It was performed granulometric analysis and determined the chemical and mineralogical composition of the material. It was studied the use of the sodium hexametaphosphate and polyacrylamide 25% anionic to decrease the viscosity. The result show that the viscosity decrease with use of 23.8 g/ton for the polyacrylamide and 101.75 g/ton for the sodium hexametaphosphate. The particle size and the pH have influence in the behavior of the additives.

The ability of ram sperm to bind to hyaluronan coated slides (HBS, %) was tested on fresh (FS) and chilled semen (CS) diluted with skimmed-milk based extender (CS-SM), chilled (CS-EY) and frozen-thawed (FTS-EY) semen diluted with tris-glycerol-egg-yolk based extender. The % of HBS (motile bound sperm/all motile sperm) was similar in FS and CS-SM groups (73,6 % vs. 71,2 %) both significantly higher than CS-EY (25 %) and FTS-EY (29,7 %) groups. Progressive individual motile sperm (IMS) of the FTS-EY group was the lowest (21,7 %), and no differences were found among FS (63,3 %), CS-SM (55 %) and CS-EY (48,3 %). IMS was positively correlated with HBS (r= 0,62; p<0,03). Although needing confirmation on a larger number of animals, the freezing extender used in the present work disrupted the mechanism of sperm hyaluronan binding prior to the freezing-thawing, suggesting a close relationship between this finding and lower fertility rates following artificial insemination with frozen-thawed semen.

Avaliou-se a capacidade de ligação dos espermatozoides de carneiro ao àcido hialurónico (% HBS), no sémen fresco (FS) e refrigerado (CS) diluido com leite de vaca desnatado (CS-SM) e sémen refrigerado (CS-EY) ou e congelado (FTS-EY) diluido com um diluidor de tris-glicerol-gema de ovo. A % de HBS (espermatozóides móveis ligados/total de espermatozóides móveis) nos grupos FS e CS-SM foram semelhantes (73,6 % vs. 71,2 %), ambas significativamente superiores aos grupos cs-ey (25 %) e FTS-EY (29,7 %). A diferença entre os grupos CS-EY e FTS-EY não foi significativa. A percentagem de motilidade individual progressiva (IMS) mais baixa foi obtida no grupo FTS-EY (21,7 %), não havendo diferenças entre os grupos FS (63,3 %), CS-SM (55 %) e CS-EY (48,3 %). Verificou-se uma correlação positiva entre a IMS e a HBS (r= 0,62; p<0,03). Embora necessitando confirmação num maior número de animais, o diluidor de congelação utilizado perturbou, previamente à congelação, a ligação dos espermatozoides ao ácido hialurónico, sugerindo a existência de uma relação com as baixas taxas de fertilidade obtidas na ovelha após a IA com sémen congelado.

Infecções sistêmicas causadas pelo complexo Mycobacterium avium em cães são consideradas raras. Em cães e gatos, a infecção resulta da ingestão de carne ou do contato com solo ou fômites contaminados. As manifestações clínicas de cães infectados por M. avium tendem a ser vagas ou ausentes, logo o diagnóstico in vivo torna-se difícil. A suspeita de infecção sistêmica por micobacteriose ocorreu, neste relato, após a identificação de bacilos álcool-ácido resistentes na amostra de medula óssea, os quais foram identificados como Mycobacterium avium pelo método molecular de reação em cadeia da polimerase com análise de restrição (PCR-PRA). Este animal apresentava uma aplasia de medula óssea em decorrência de Erhlichia canis, corroborando a maioria dos relatos na literatura em que se associa essa infecção a pacientes imunossuprimidos.

Systemic infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex are considered rare in dogs. In dogs and cats, the infection comes from eating meat or being in contact with contaminated soil or fomites. Clinical manifestations of dogs infected with M. avium tend to be vague or absent, so the diagnosis "in vivo" becomes difficult. Systemic mycobacterial infection was suspected in this report, after the identification of acid-alcohol resistant bacilli in a bone marrow sample which was identified as Mycobacterium avium by the molecular method Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR Restriction Analysis (PCR-PRA). This animal had a bone marrow aplasia due to Erhlichia canis corroborating with most reports in the literature that associate this infection with immunosuppressed patients.

We intend to estimate Saloia breed rams fertility and its variation coefficients (VC) after cervical artificial insemination (AI) with refrigerated (SR) or frozen semen (SC). In experiment 1, we studied the seasonal effect of AI (spring vs. autumn) on fertility (n=5 rams) using SR. The seasonal effect of semen freezing (autumn vs. winter, n=3 rams) on fertility of ewes inseminated in spring was also tested with SC. Variations in ram fertility using either SF or SC were determined independently of seasons of insemination and freezing (experiment 2: SF (n=4), SC (n=4), same rams; experiment 3: SF=16, FS=5 rams). No seasonal differences in fertility were found when ewes were inseminated either with SF or SC. Fertility was higher when RS rather than SC was used (experiment 2: 51.28 vs. 13.65 %; experiment 3: 48.51 vs. 13.04 %, respectively). Fertility VCs from SC were higher than those from SR (experiment 2: 41.3 vs. 13.1 %; experiment 3: 38.9 vs. 19.5 %, respectively). SR or SC from Saloia rams can be used in AI programs during the studied seasons with no deleterious effect on fertility. Higher fertility VCs are estimated when insemination is performed with SR, suggesting semen individual susceptibility to freezing.

Avaliaram-se as fertilidades e coeficientes de variação (CV) de carneiros Saloios após inseminação artificial (IA) por via cervical com sémen refrigerado (SR) ou congelado (SC). Na 1ª experiência avaliou-se o efeito de duas épocas de IA (primavera vs. outono) sobre a fertilidade, utilizando SR (n=5 carneiros) e de duas épocas de congelação de sémen (outono vs. inverno) sobre a fertilidade de ovelhas inseminadas na primavera utilizando SC (n=3 carneiros). Nas outras experiências avaliaram-se as variações da fertilidade de carneiros, independentemente das épocas de IA ou congelação, utilizando SR e SC (2ª experiência: 4 carneiros comuns; 3ª experiência: 16 e 5 carneiros, respectivamente). Não foram observadas diferenças na fertilidade entre épocas de IA ou congelação de sémen. As fertilidades obtidas com SR foram superiores às do SC (2ª experiência: 51,28 vs. 13,65 %; 3ª experiência: 48,51 vs. 13,04 %). Os CV da fertilidade utilizando SC foram superiores aos do SR (2ª experiência: 41,3 % vs. 13,1 %; 3ª experiência: 38,9 vs. 19,5 %). Os carneiros de raça Saloia podem ser utilizados em programas de IA com SR e SC nas épocas do ano estudadas sem diminuição da fertilidade. O SC originou CV para a fertilidade superior sugerindo diferentes susceptibilidades dos carneiros à congelação.

Recent observations from type Ia Supernovae and from cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies have revealed that most of the matter of the Universe interacts in a repulsive manner, composing the so-called dark energy constituent of the Universe. Determining the properties of dark energy is one of the most important tasks of modern cosmology and this is the main motivation for this work. The analysis of cosmic gravitational waves (GW) represents, besides the CMB temperature and polarization anisotropies, an additional approach in the determination of parameters that may constrain the dark energy models and their consistence. In recent work, a generalized Chaplygin gas model was considered in a flat universe and the corresponding spectrum of gravitational waves was obtained. In the present work we have added a massless gas component to that model and the new spectrum has been compared to the previous one. The Chaplygin gas is also used to simulate a lambda-CDM model by means of a particular combination of parameters so that the Chaplygin gas and the lambda-CDM models can be easily distinguished in the theoretical scenarios here established. We find that the models are strongly degenerated in the range of frequencies studied. This degeneracy is in part expected since the models must converge to each other when some particular combinations of parameters are considered.

Foi conduzido um ensaio numa plantação comercial de café de variedade Mundo Novo de 9 anos de idade, com uma população de 1904 covas/ha, destinada a avaliar a quantidade de biomassa e de nutrientes removidas por diferentes tipos de poda: recepa a 0,40m; decote a 1,00, 1,50 e 2,00 m; decote a 1,50m com esqueletamento. A análise do material e dos dados permitiu tirar-se as seguintes conclusões: (1) a biomassa removida pela poda foi maior na recepa (24,3 t de matéria fresca e 11,9 de matéria seca) e no decote a 1,00 m (20,6 e 10,1 t, respectivamente); seguia-se o decote a 1,50 m com esqueletamento que deu 19,4 e 8,3 t de matéria fresca e seca por hectare; os pesos da matéria fresca e seca correspondentes aos decotes a 1,50 m e 2,00 m foram: 12,1 e 5,4; 5,6 e 2,5 t/ha; (2) a relação existente entre a altura de poda e quantidade de fitomassa removida é descrita por equações de regressão simples; (3) as quantidades de nutrientes removidas são proporcionais as quantidades de material podado sendo as seguintes de acordo com a ordem dos tratamentos dado, em kg/ha: N - 320, 294, 162, 80 e 261; P - 18, 15, 10, 44 e 16; K - 286, 266, 168, 78 e 273; Ca - 149, 139, 63, 33 e 101: Mg - 30, 33, 16, 8 e 26; S - 10, 7,6, 3 e 10; as quantidades de micronutrientes removidas foram, em g/ha: B - 306, 337, 163, 83 e 268; Cu - 229, 219, 121, 51 e 191; Fe - 2783, 2328, 1367, 544 e 2,088; Mn - 437, 779, 264, 142 e 412; Zn - 174, 152, 74, 28 e 121; (3) foram derivadas equações de regressão simples que relacionam quantidade extraídas e altura da poda; (4) a reciclagem de fitomassa contribui com economia substancial de fertilizantes para a nova vegetação. Cerca de dois terços e três quartos de nutrientes, entretanto, estão contidos no material lenhoso de caules e ramos o que deve fazer que a sua disponibilidade seja mais lenta.

An experiment has carried out in commercial coffee plantation (varie ty Mundo Novo, 7 years old, 1904 "covas" per ha, previous yield 3,180 kg cleancoffe, Ipanema Agro Indústria S.A., Alfenas, MG, Brazil) designed to estimate the quantities of biomass, macro and micronutrients there in, removed by different types of pruning, namely: (1) stumping at 0,40 m above ground;(2) capping at 1,00 m; (3) capping at 1,50 m; (4) capping at 2,00 m; (5) capping at 1,50 m and cutting of laterals at 15 cm from the main stem. Analyses of data and material allowed for the following conclusions to be drawn. (1) Biomass removed by pruning was higher when pruning was done by stumping (24.3 tons of fresh weight and 11.9 tons dry weight) and by capping at 1,00 m above ground (20.6 and 10.1 tons, respectively); these treatments were followed by capping at 1,50 m plus cutting off laterals which yielded 19.4 and 8.3 tons of fresh and dry weight; the fresh and try weight corresponding to capping at 1,50 and 2,00 m above ground were: 12.1 and 5.4, 5.6 and 2.5 tons por hectare. (2) Simple regression equations describe with a high degree of significance the relationship between height of pruning and biomass removed there off. (3) The amount of macro and micronutrients, as expected, relate well with the quantity of plant material which corresponds to each treatment. Total amounts for macronutrients were, according to the order of the treatments given above (in kg/ha): N - 320; 294; 162; 80 and 261; P - 18; 15; 10; 44 and 16; K - 286; 266; 168; 78 and 273; Ca - 149; 139; 63; 33 and 101; Mg - 30; 33; 16; 8 and 26; S - 10; 7; 6; 3 and 10. In the same order, the amounts of micronutrients were, in g/ha: B - 306; 337; 163; 83 and 268; Cu - 229; 219; 121; 51 and 191; Fe - 2783; 2328; 1367; 544 and 2088; Mn - 437; 779; 264; 142 and 412; Zn - 174; 152; 74; 28 and 121. (4) Simple regression equations were derived which express the relationship between quantities of macro and micronutrients removed and the heighth of pruning. (5) Recycling of the biomass curt off fy pruning could contribute to savings in the rates of fertilizer to be applied in the period of regrowth. Most of the nutrients, however, from two thirds to three fourths of the total, are found in branches and stems which is likely to more slonly released.